Posted: Tue Nov 20, 2007 2:43 pm Post subject: Quickly Retrieving FI document Data from BSEG
Quickly Retrieving FI document Data from BSEG Rob Burbank
In other BLOGs, I showed some general techniques that you can use to improve the performance of your ABAP code. In this one, I will show some specific techniques that you can use to retrieve accounting document data.
BSEG is a cluster table and in the forums it is often said that you should avoid selecting directly against this table. This is simply incorrect. While BSEG is large and the non-key fields are not known to the underlying database, it is simply a table and if you take proper care in designing a SELECT statement, you will have no performance problems accessing BSEG.
So the trick is in designing the SELECT statement. Because BSEG is a cluster table, the only key fields allowed are those of the primary key:
BUKRS - Company Code
BELNR - Accounting Document Number
GJAHR - Fiscal Year
BUZEI - Line Item Number
But do you need to know values for all of these fields in order to maximize performance? The short answer is "yes" if performance is truly to be "maximized". But in normal circumstances, you may not have values for all of these fields immediately at hand. There are two factors that you have to take into account:
The most important fields to fill are the leading primary key fields. If you know the document number, fiscal year and line item number but not the company code, a SELECT using only these fields will give very poor performance. Imagine trying to find an entry in a large dictionary when you know only the second through fourth letters of a word. You would have to scan the entire dictionary. It's the same sort of situation here.
The SELECT should return as little data as possible. If you know only the company code but not the other key fields, performance will likely still be very bad. I say "likely" because in your system you may have some company codes that have very few documents posted to them while others have many.
In my experience, I have found that when retrieving data from BSEG, it is necessary and sufficient to have the company code and document number. Anything more is icing that you can use if you have it.
But also in my experience, users don't usually ask for reports based on document numbers. They need to see data based on customers or cost centers or some other similar criteria. If you try to retrieve data from BSEG using the customer number only, performance will be about as bad is possible.
But many standard SAP programs retrieve accounting data based on these sorts of fields. What magic tricks do SAP programmers have at their disposal that we don't?
No magic, but there are some tricks that you can use. I've written a program that shows different ways that you can use to find a document number. In some cases, you need to know beforehand the company code (or controlling area or funds management area). But, reports usually have this as one of the selection criteria. If not, you can use the technique I have shown in of my other BLOGs.
Before I present the program, there are some caveats:
- Most importantly, this is not complete. I'm showing some techniques that I have learned, but there are many more. This is really just to get you started.
- I've used FOR ALL ENTRIES rather than JOINs. There is probably a small performance hit as I've shown in another blog, but I find that hit to be generally small and FOR ALL ENTRIES easier to read. Feel free to use JOINs instead.
- Configuration may be an issue. I don't think it should be, but it's possible some of these techniques will not work in all systems.
- On the other hand, configuration may work to your advantage. It's possible (at least in earlier versions) to configure FI documents to have the same number as for example, the corresponding billing document.
- Archiving may also be an issue. If you have archived financial data you may find that you have to read the archive rather than BKPF or BSEG.
- I have not done any actual SELECTS against BSEG in this program. I have simply handed control to transaction FB03 which does this for me (based on the primary key).
Anyway, here it is:
* Global Data **********************************************************
TYPES: BEGIN OF doc,
bukrs TYPE bseg-bukrs,
belnr TYPE bseg-belnr,
gjahr TYPE bseg-gjahr,
buzei TYPE bseg-buzei,
END OF doc.
DATA: doc_int TYPE TABLE OF doc,
doc_wa TYPE doc,
w_repid TYPE sy-repid VALUE sy-repid,
no_lines TYPE sy-tabix.
* Selection Screen *****************************************************
PARAMETERS: p_gjahr TYPE covp-refgj OBLIGATORY.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_kokrs TYPE csks-kokrs OBLIGATORY,
p_kostl TYPE csks-kostl,
p_prctr TYPE glpca-rprctr,
p_aufnr TYPE aufk-aufnr.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_bukrs TYPE bsis-bukrs OBLIGATORY,
p_budat TYPE bkpf-budat,
p_ebeln TYPE ekko-ebeln,
p_hkont TYPE bsis-hkont,
p_lifnr TYPE bsik-lifnr,
p_kunnr TYPE bsid-kunnr.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_vbeln TYPE vbak-vbeln.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_matnr TYPE vapma-matnr.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
PARAMETERS: p_fikrs TYPE fmifiit-fikrs,
p_fistl TYPE fmifiit-fistl,
p_fonds TYPE fmifiit-fonds.
SELECTION-SCREEN ULINE.
PARAMETERS: p_hbkid TYPE payr-hbkid,
p_hktid TYPE payr-hktid,
p_rzawe TYPE payr-rzawe,
p_chect TYPE payr-chect.
START-OF-SELECTION.
* Retrieve document numbers based on different requirements
* Posting Date
PERFORM posting_date_actuals
USING p_bukrs
p_budat.
* Cost Center
PERFORM cost_center_actuals
USING p_kokrs
p_kostl
p_gjahr.
* GL Account
PERFORM gl_actuals
USING p_bukrs
p_hkont
p_gjahr.
* Vendor
PERFORM vendor_actuals
USING p_bukrs
p_lifnr
p_gjahr.
* Customer
PERFORM customer_actuals
USING p_bukrs
p_kunnr
p_gjahr.
* Purchase Order
PERFORM po_actuals
USING p_ebeln.
* Sales Order
PERFORM so_actuals
USING p_vbeln.
* Order
PERFORM order_actuals
USING p_aufnr
p_gjahr.
* Fund/Fund Center
PERFORM fm_actuals
USING p_fikrs
p_gjahr
p_fistl
p_fonds.
* Profit Center
PERFORM profit_center_actuals
USING p_kokrs
p_prctr
p_gjahr.
* Material
PERFORM material_actuals
USING p_matnr
p_gjahr.
* Cheque number
PERFORM cheque_actuals
USING p_hbkid
p_hktid
p_chect.
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form posting_date_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Use one of the secondary indices of BKPF to retrieve the
* document number
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM posting_date_actuals
USING bukrs
budat.
DATA: disp_date(10).
CHECK NOT budat IS INITIAL.
* Uses index BKPF~2 (4.7)
SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr
INTO TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
FROM bkpf
WHERE bukrs = bukrs AND
* Normally, you would probably only want normal documents, that is
* documents with BSTAT = ' '. So you would change the next line.
* On the other hand, you might want documents for all values of BSTAT,
* but not want to hardcode the values. In that case, you can retrieve
* values from the domain of BSTAT and put them in a range table and
* use the range table in the next line.
bstat IN (' ', 'A', 'B', 'D', 'M', 'S', 'V', 'W', 'Z') AND
budat = budat.
CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
WRITE budat TO disp_date.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Posting date'
disp_date
space
space.
ENDFORM. " posting_date_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form cost_center_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Retrieve documents for a cost center
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM cost_center_actuals
USING kokrs
kostl
gjahr.
DATA: covp_int TYPE TABLE OF covp,
disp_cc(10).
CHECK NOT kostl IS INITIAL.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT SINGLE objnr
FROM csks
INTO csks-objnr
WHERE kokrs = kokrs
AND kostl = kostl.
CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
* COVP is a view. This uses index COEP~1 (4.7)
SELECT refbk refbn refgj refbz
FROM covp
INTO TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE lednr = '00'
AND objnr = csks-objnr
AND gjahr = gjahr
AND wrttp IN ('04', '11')
AND versn = '000'.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Cost Center'
disp_cc
space
space.
ENDFORM. " cost_center_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form gl_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* BKPF and BSEG have a number of secondary index tables. These are
* tables that are indexed by GL customer or vendor number and have
* data that is in both BKPF and BSEG. These secondary index tables
* that have an 'i' in the third character of the name contain open
* items. Those with an 'a' contain cleared items. In practice, you
* may only one or the other. In this program I am retrieving both.
*
* Here we get documents related to a GL.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM gl_actuals
USING bukrs
hkont
gjahr.
DATA: disp_gl(10).
CHECK NOT hkont IS INITIAL.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
FROM bsis
INTO TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE bukrs = bukrs
AND hkont = hkont
AND gjahr = gjahr.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
FROM bsas
APPENDING TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE bukrs = bukrs
AND hkont = hkont
AND gjahr = gjahr.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'GL Account'
disp_gl
space
space.
ENDFORM. " gl_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form vendor_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Here we get documents related to a vendor.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM vendor_actuals
USING bukrs
lifnr
gjahr.
DATA: disp_vendor(10).
CHECK NOT lifnr IS INITIAL.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
FROM bsik
INTO TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE bukrs = bukrs
AND lifnr = lifnr
AND gjahr = gjahr.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
FROM bsak
APPENDING TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE bukrs = bukrs
AND lifnr = lifnr
AND gjahr = gjahr.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Vendor'
disp_vendor
space
space.
ENDFORM. " vendor_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form customer_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Here we get documents related to a customer.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM customer_actuals
USING bukrs
kunnr
gjahr.
DATA: disp_customer(10).
CHECK NOT kunnr IS INITIAL.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
FROM bsid
INTO TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE bukrs = bukrs
AND kunnr = kunnr
AND gjahr = gjahr.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT bukrs belnr gjahr buzei
FROM bsad
APPENDING TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE bukrs = bukrs
AND kunnr = kunnr
AND gjahr = gjahr.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Customer'
disp_customer
space
space.
ENDFORM. " customer_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form po_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Table BKPF has a useful index on AWTYP and AWKEY. Here, we use
* this to retrieve documents for purchase orders.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM po_actuals
USING ebeln.
TYPES: BEGIN OF ekbe_type,
belnr TYPE ekbe-belnr,
gjahr TYPE ekbe-gjahr,
vgabe TYPE ekbe-vgabe,
END OF ekbe_type.
DATA: ekbe_int TYPE TABLE OF ekbe_type,
ekbe_wa TYPE ekbe_type.
DATA: v_reference TYPE bkpf-awtyp, "Reference procedure
v_objectkey TYPE bkpf-awkey. "Object key
DATA:disp_po(10).
CHECK NOT ebeln IS INITIAL.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT belnr gjahr
FROM ekbe
INTO TABLE ekbe_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE ebeln = ebeln
AND vgabe IN ('1', '2'). "1 - GR, 2 - IR
CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
SORT ekbe_int.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM ekbe_int.
LOOP AT ekbe_int INTO ekbe_wa.
v_objectkey+00(10) = ekbe_wa-belnr.
v_objectkey+10(10) = ekbe_wa-gjahr. "BELNR+YEAR
* Uses index BKPF~4 (4.7)
SELECT SINGLE bukrs belnr gjahr "Accounting Doc Header
FROM bkpf
INTO doc_wa
WHERE awtyp = v_reference
AND awkey = v_objectkey.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
APPEND doc_wa TO doc_int.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Purchase Order'
disp_po
space
space.
ENDFORM. " po_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form so_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Use AWTYP and AWKEY to retrieve documents related to sales
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM so_actuals USING vbeln.
TYPES: BEGIN OF vbfa_type,
vbeln TYPE vbfa-vbeln,
END OF vbfa_type.
DATA: vbfa_int TYPE TABLE OF vbfa_type,
vbfa_wa TYPE vbfa_type.
DATA: v_reference TYPE bkpf-awtyp, "Reference procedure
v_objectkey TYPE bkpf-awkey. "Object key
DATA:disp_so(10).
CHECK NOT vbeln IS INITIAL.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT vbeln
FROM vbfa
INTO TABLE vbfa_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE vbelv = vbeln
AND vbtyp_n = 'P'. "Debit memo
CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
SORT vbfa_int.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM vbfa_int.
LOOP AT vbfa_int INTO vbfa_wa.
v_objectkey+00(10) = vbfa_wa-vbeln. "BELNR
v_reference = 'VBRK'.
* Uses index BKPF~4 (4.7)
SELECT SINGLE bukrs belnr gjahr "Accounting Doc Header
FROM bkpf
INTO doc_wa
WHERE awtyp = v_reference
AND awkey = v_objectkey.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
APPEND doc_wa TO doc_int.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Sales Document'
disp_so
space
space.
ENDFORM. " so_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form order_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Retrieve documents related to an order
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM order_actuals
USING aufnr
gjahr.
DATA: disp_order(10).
CHECK NOT aufnr IS INITIAL.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT SINGLE objnr
FROM aufk
INTO aufk-objnr
WHERE aufnr = aufnr.
CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
* COVP is a view. This uses index COEP~1 (4.7)
SELECT refbk refbn refgj refbz
FROM covp
INTO TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE lednr = '00'
AND objnr = aufk-objnr
AND gjahr = gjahr
AND wrttp IN ('04', '11')
AND versn = '000'.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Order'
disp_order
space
space.
ENDFORM. " order_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form FM_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Not many institutions use Funds Management, but if you do, this
* is how to relate funds management documents to FI documents.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM fm_actuals
USING fikrs
gjahr
fistl
fonds.
DATA: disp_cfc(10),
disp_fund(10).
CHECK NOT fikrs IS INITIAL AND
NOT fistl IS INITIAL.
* Uses index FMIFIIT~3 (4.7)
SELECT bukrs knbelnr kngjahr knbuzei
FROM fmifiit
INTO TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE fistl = fistl
AND fonds = fonds.
IF NOT fonds IS INITIAL.
CALL FUNCTION 'CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT'
EXPORTING
input = fonds
IMPORTING
output = disp_fund.
ENDIF.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Fund Center'
disp_cfc
'Fund'
disp_fund.
ENDFORM. " FM_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form profit_center_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Retrieve documents related to a profit center
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM profit_center_actuals
USING kokrs
prctr
gjahr.
DATA: disp_pc(10).
CHECK NOT prctr IS INITIAL.
* This uses index GLPCA~1 (4.7)
SELECT rbukrs refdocnr refryear refdocln
FROM glpca
INTO TABLE doc_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE kokrs = kokrs
AND ryear = gjahr
AND rprctr = prctr
AND awtyp = 'BKPF'.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Profit Center'
disp_pc
space
space.
ENDFORM. " profit_center_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form material_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Get FI documents for a material.
* For purchase orders get:
* goods receipts
* invoice receipts
* For sales orders get:
* debit memos
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM material_actuals
USING matnr
gjahr.
TYPES: BEGIN OF ekpo_type,
ebeln TYPE ekpo-ebeln,
ebelp TYPE ekpo-ebelp,
END OF ekpo_type.
TYPES: BEGIN OF ekbe_type,
belnr TYPE ekbe-belnr,
gjahr TYPE ekbe-gjahr,
vgabe TYPE ekbe-vgabe,
END OF ekbe_type.
TYPES: BEGIN OF vapma_type,
vbeln TYPE vapma-vbeln,
posnr TYPE vapma-posnr,
END OF vapma_type.
TYPES: BEGIN OF vbfa_type,
vbeln TYPE vbfa-vbeln,
posnv TYPE vbfa-posnv,
END OF vbfa_type.
DATA: ekpo_int TYPE TABLE OF ekpo_type,
ekpo_wa TYPE ekpo_type.
DATA: ekbe_int TYPE TABLE OF ekbe_type,
ekbe_wa TYPE ekbe_type.
DATA: vapma_int TYPE TABLE OF vapma_type,
vapma_wa TYPE vapma_type.
DATA: v_reference TYPE bkpf-awtyp, "Reference procedure
v_objectkey TYPE bkpf-awkey. "Object key
DATA: vbfa_int TYPE TABLE OF vbfa_type,
vbfa_wa TYPE vbfa_type.
DATA: disp_mat(10).
CHECK NOT matnr IS INITIAL.
* First, find purchase orders for the material
* This uses index EKPO~1 (4.7)
SELECT ebeln ebelp
FROM ekpo
INTO TABLE ekpo_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE matnr = matnr.
* Now get the FI document numbers as above
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT belnr gjahr vgabe
FROM ekbe
INTO TABLE ekbe_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN ekpo_int
WHERE ebeln = ekpo_int-ebeln
AND ebelp = ekpo_int-ebelp
AND vgabe IN ('1', '2'). "1 - GR, 2 - IR
CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
SORT ekbe_int.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM ekbe_int.
LOOP AT ekbe_int INTO ekbe_wa.
v_objectkey+00(10) = ekbe_wa-belnr.
v_objectkey+10(10) = ekbe_wa-gjahr. "BELNR+YEAR
* Uses index BKPF~4 (4.7)
SELECT SINGLE bukrs belnr gjahr "Accounting Doc Header
FROM bkpf
INTO doc_wa
WHERE awtyp = v_reference
AND awkey = v_objectkey.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
APPEND doc_wa TO doc_int.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
* Next get the sales orders for the material
* Note - I am using an artificial date range here because of archiving
* in our system. Feel free to remove it.
SELECT vbeln posnr
FROM vapma
INTO TABLE vapma_int
UP TO 100 ROWS
WHERE matnr = matnr
AND audat BETWEEN '20070101' AND '20071231'.
* Uses primary index (4.7)
SELECT vbeln posnv
FROM vbfa
INTO TABLE vbfa_int
FOR ALL ENTRIES IN vapma_int
WHERE vbelv = vapma_int-vbeln
AND posnv = vapma_int-posnr
AND vbtyp_n = 'P'. "Debit memo
CHECK sy-subrc = 0.
SORT vbfa_int.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM vbfa_int.
LOOP AT vbfa_int INTO vbfa_wa.
CLEAR: v_objectkey,
v_reference.
v_objectkey+00(10) = vbfa_wa-vbeln. "BELNR
v_reference = 'VBRK'.
* Uses index BKPF~4 (4.7)
SELECT SINGLE bukrs belnr gjahr "Accounting Doc Header
FROM bkpf
INTO doc_wa
WHERE awtyp = v_reference
AND awkey = v_objectkey.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
APPEND doc_wa TO doc_int.
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
PERFORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int
USING 'Material'
disp_mat
space
space.
ENDFORM. " material_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form cheque_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Retrieve FI documents for a cheque. We are assuming Accounts
* Payable related.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM cheque_actuals
USING hbkid
hktid
chect.
* Insert your code here
ENDFORM. " cheque_actuals
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form display_documents
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* At this point, you have the company code, document number and
* fiscal year in table DOC_INT. Here, I just use a standard SAP
* function module and transaction to display documents and
* details, but you could use the same information to retrieve
* document data from BKPF and/or BSEG.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM display_documents
TABLES doc_int STRUCTURE doc_wa
USING doc_source_1
source_value_1
doc_source_2
source_value_2.
TYPE-POOLS: slis.
DATA: sel TYPE slis_selfield.
DATA: title TYPE string.
CONCATENATE 'FI line items for' doc_source_1 source_value_1
INTO title SEPARATED BY space.
IF NOT source_value_2 IS INITIAL.
CONCATENATE title doc_source_2 source_value_2
INTO title SEPARATED BY space.
ENDIF.
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_POPUP_TO_SELECT'
EXPORTING
i_title = title
i_selection = 'X'
i_tabname = 'BSEG'
i_structure_name = 'BSEG'
i_callback_user_command = 'USER_COMMAND'
i_callback_program = w_repid
IMPORTING
es_selfield = sel
TABLES
t_outtab = doc_int.
IF NOT sel IS INITIAL.
READ TABLE doc_int INDEX sel-tabindex.
SET PARAMETER ID 'BUK' FIELD doc_int-bukrs.
SET PARAMETER ID 'BLN' FIELD doc_int-belnr.
SET PARAMETER ID 'GJR' FIELD doc_int-gjahr.
CALL TRANSACTION 'FB03' AND SKIP FIRST SCREEN.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM. " display_documents
You may have noticed that the program is incomplete. There is only a stub where the logic to retrieve FI documents for a cheque. This is a challenge to you to figure out how to do this. (Hint - table PAYR may be useful). If you try this, please post your results in the comments section of this BLOG. In a week or so, I will post the code that I created to do this. I am assuming that we are using an accounts payable cheque as an example.
Rob Burbank is a programmer/analyst in the Department of Administrative Management Systems at the University of Toronto.
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