SAP R/3 форум ABAP консультантов

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Глоссарий

Контировка - это указание объектов (т.е. места возникновения затрат (МВЗ), заказа клиента, проекта), которые дебетуются во время обработки заказа на поставку материала, предназначенного для немедленного использования или расхода.

Заявка на материал и/или работы/услуги (Purchase Requisition) – это запрос в компонент Закупки с целью заготовки к определенному времени необходимого количества материалов или работ/услуг. Тр. me51n, me52n, me53n.

Заказ на поставку (Purchase Order) – это формальный запрос, который направляется закупочной организацией поставщику или заводу с просьбой поставить к указанной дате определенное количество материала или предоставить требуемый объем работ/услуг. Тр. me21n, me22n, me23n.

MM document flow

1) Purchasing Requisition -> sent by inventory dept to purchasing dept
2) Request for Quotation(RFQ)-> Purchasing Dept shall ask the vendors to give the quotation for the requested materials by inventory.
3) Quotation -> Quotation is sent by vendors to the company
4) Purchase order-> Based on all parameters of a quotation sent by vendors. Vendors are selected from whom the material has to be obtained. The company gives purchase order to the vendor.
5) Good's receipt -> vendors sends the goods to the company with goods receipt
6) Invoice verification -> this receipt. done based on good's this means that the ordered goods have reached or not.
7) Payment -> payment is done based on invoice verification. this is (FI/CO)

In the purchase requisition the source of supply can be found. If there is no source of supply can be allocated then marked for request for quotation. They sent to different vendors for requesting the quotations. All the incoming quotations are compared and a vendor is selected. The vendor evaluation simplifies the process of selecting the vendor. Then purchase orders are created with or without reference to purchase requisition or quotation. There is maintenance of long term agreements with a vendor is either a contract or scheduling agreements. A contract is an agreement with a vendor that specifies a target quantity or value over validity period. A scheduling agreement designates a specific quantity within the validity period and contains definite delivery dates in the form of delivery schedule. The goods received are compared with the corresponding Purchase Order. The posted goods update the stock levels.

Transactions:
INQUIRY - VA11
QUOTATION - VA21
PURCHASE ORDER - ME21
ORDER CONFIRMATION - VA01
PICKING LIST - VL36
PACKING LIST - VL02, VL01
SHIPPING - VT01
INVOICE - VF21, VF01

MM Cycle:
Purchase Requisition-> Staff in an orgn places Pur requisition for want of some goods/products - ME51

Request for Quotation (RFQ)-> The Purchase dept in the organ calls/requests for the quotation for the products against which PR was raised. - ME41

Vendor Evaluation->After receiving the RFQ's, after comparison a Vendor is finalized based on the terms and conditions.

Purchase Order (PO) -> Pur order was issued to that vendor asking him to supply the goods/products -ME21N

Goods Receipt Note (GRN) ->Vendor supplies the material/Products to the orgn - MB01
Goods Issue (GI) -> People receives their respective items for which they have placed the Requisitions

Invoice Verification-> Along with the Material Vendor submits a Invoice for which the Company Pays the amount - .MIRO

Data to FI -> data will be posted to FI as per the vendor invoices

Enquiry - Customer enquires about the Products services that were sold by a company - VA11
Quotation - Company Gives a Quotation for the products and Services to a Customer

Sales Order - Customer gives a Purchase order to the company against which a Sales order will be raised to Customer in SAP.
VBAK: Sales Document(Header Data) (VBELN)
VBAP: Sales Document(Item Data) (VBELN,POSNR,MATNR,ARKTX,CHARG)
Enquiry, Quotation, Sales Order are differentiated based on Doc.
Type(VBTYP field) in VBAK,VBAP Tables( for Enquiry VBTYP = A,
for Quotation 'B' & for Order it is 'C'.)

Delivery(Picking, Packing, Post Goods Issue and Shipment)->
Company sends the material after picking it from Godown and Packing it in a Handling Unit(box) and Issues the goods
LIKP: Delivery Table (Header Data)(VBELN,LFART,KUNNR,WADAT,INCO1)
LIPS: Delivery Table (Item Data)(VBELN,POSNR,WERKS,LGORT,MATNR,VGBEL)
(LIPS-VGBEL = VBAK-VBELN, LIPS-VGPOS = VBAP-POSNR)

Billing - Also company bills to the customer for those deliveries
And in FI against this billing Accounting doc is created.
VBRK: Billing Table(Header Data)(VBELN,FKART,BELNR)
VBRP: Billing Table(Item Data)(VBELN,POSNR,FKIMG,NETWR,VGBEL,VGPOS)
(VBRP-AUBEL = VBAK-VBELN, VBRP-VGBEL = LIKP-VBELN)
Apart from these tables there are lot of other tables which starts with
'V', but we use the following tables frequently.

MM Process flow:
The typical procurement cycle for a service or material consists of the following phases:
1. Determination of Requirements
Materials requirements are identified either in the user departments or via materials planning and control. (This can cover both MRP proper and the demand-based approach to inventory control. The regular checking of stock levels of materials defined by master records, use of the order-point method, and forecasting on the basis of past usage are important aspects of the latter.) You can enter purchase requisitions yourself, or they can be generated automatically by the materials planning and control system.
2. Source Determination
the Purchasing component helps you identify potential sources of supply based on past orders and existing longer-term purchase agreements. This speeds the process of creating requests for quotation (RFQs), which can be sent to vendors electronically via SAP EDI, if desired.
3. Vendor Selection and Comparison of Quotations
The system is capable of simulating pricing scenarios, allowing you to compare a number of different quotations. Rejection letters can be sent automatically.
4. Purchase Order Processing
the Purchasing system adopts information from the requisition and the quotation to help you create a purchase order. As with purchase requisitions, you can generate Pos yourself or have the system generate them automatically. Vendor scheduling agreements and contracts (in the SAP System, types of longer-term purchase agreement) are also supported.
5. Purchase Order Follow-Up
the system checks the reminder periods you have specified and - if necessary - automatically prints reminders or expediters at the predefined intervals. It also provides you with an up-to-date status of all purchase requisitions, quotations, and purchase orders.
6. Goods receiving and Inventory Management
Goods Receiving personnel can confirm the receipt of goods simply by entering the Po number. By specifying permissible tolerances, buyers can limit over- and under deliveries of ordered goods.
7. Invoice Verification
The system supports the checking and matching of invoices. The accounts payable clerk is notified of quantity and price variances because the system has access to PO and goods receipt data. This speeds the process of auditing and clearing invoices for payment.

SAP consulting/FAQ notes

412789 (Restrictions for product selection)
550396 (FAQ: Material substitution and product selection)
870085 (FAQ: Product proposal)
869601 (FAQ: Cross-Selling)
863767 (FAQ: Listing/Exclusion)
865302 (Listing/Exclusion: Defining own requirement)

Important Tables in SAP MM

Materials Management Tables

EINA Purchasing Info Record- General Data
EINE Purchasing Info Record- Purchasing Organization Data
MAKT Material Descriptions
MARA General Material Data
MARC Plant Data for Material
MARD Storage Location Data for Material
MAST Material to BOM Link
MBEW Material Valuation
MKPF Header- Material Document, XBLNR – Ссылочный номер документа ( в 631 виде движения ссылается на поставку )
MSEG Document Segment- Material
MVER Material Consumption
MVKE Sales Data for materials
RKPF Document Header- Reservation
T023 Mat. groups
T024 Purchasing Groups
T156 Movement Type
T157H Help Texts for Movement Types
MOFF Lists what views have not been created

Purchasing Tables

A501 Plant/Material
EBAN Purchase Requisition
EBKN Purchase Requisition Account Assignment
EKAB Release Documentation
EKBE History per Purchasing Document
EKET Scheduling Agreement Schedule Lines
EKKN Account Assignment in Purchasing Document
EKKO Purchasing Document Header
EKPO Purchasing Document Item
EKES Подтверждения заказов на поставку
IKPF Header- Physical Inventory Document
ISEG Physical Inventory Document Items
LFA1 Vendor Master (General section)
LFB1 Vendor Master (Company Code)
NRIV Number range intervals
RESB Reservation/dependent requirements
T161T Texts for Purchasing Document Types
WRPL - Пополнение запасов: количеств на клиента/товар ( у нас, в таблице видно потребности дискаунтеров в материалах )
KUNNR – клиент ( дискаунтер )
MATNR – материал
PRWOG - Максимальный заданный объем запасов (при наличии материала дискаунтер пополняется именно по этому значению).

MM Functions modules

CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_OUTPUT - Material number conversion (OUTPUT) E.g. 00001234 -> 1234

CONVERSION_EXIT_MATN1_INPUT - Material number conversion (INPUT) E.g. 1234 -> 000000000000001234
For material numbers conversion, in contrast to simple ALPHA conversion, more complicated logic is used including customer exit MGA00003 (see transaction SMOD).

MD_CONVERT_MATERIAL_UNIT - Conversion of material units

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Note 320601 - Finding enhancement for an exit (in purchasing)

1. Execute Transaction SMOD.
2. Use the F4-input help for field "Enhancement"
3. Press button "Information system"
4. Enter "ME" for the development class and press "Enter"
5. You find the enhancement in which your exit is included by using the short text and "Display" (F7).