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PostPosted: Wed Oct 24, 2007 9:15 pm    Post subject: FAQ Reply with quote

SAP QUERY
QuickViewer и SAP Query представляют собой управляемые через меню инструменты, которые помогают пользователю составлять списки. SAP Query содержит широкий набор функций для определения отчетов и составления различных типов отчетов (например, прямые списки, статистика и ранговые списки). Пользователь может выбрать данные для списка из любой таблицы R/3.

Transaction:
SQVI QuickViewer
SQ00 SAP Query: Start queries
SQ01 SAP Query: Maintain queries
SQ02 SAP Query: Maintain InfoSet
SQ03 SAP Query: Maintain user groups

Q. What Is SAP Queries
A. Many times a need arises for SAP Users and Functional Consultants to generate quick reports without getting any ABAP coding done – time taken to complete the coding in development, transport and test it in QA system and then transport to production – is sometimes too long. In such cases, ABAP/4 query is a tool provided by SAP for generating these kind of reports.

Type of Report Desired:
Before starting to write an ABAP query, its advisable to decide the type of report that the user wants. ABAP query provides the following type of reports:

Basic List Simple report
Statistics Report containing statistical functions like Average &Percentage
Ranked List Report written for analytical purpose

The output is always seen in the order of Basic List, then Statistics and then Ranked List if any. One ABAP query can have one basic list, maximum of 9 statistics and maximum of 9 ranked lists.

In a nutshell, an ABAP/4 query can be designed in four steps
- Creation of a user group
- Creation of functional area
- Assignment of user group to functional area
- Creation of the query based on functional area

The various objects that form an ABAP query can be created in the following 2 ways:
- Tools => ABAP/4 Workbench => Utilities => ABAP/4 Query

OR

- By executing the transaction codes mentioned below:

SQ01 ABAP/4 Query
SQ02 Functional Area
SQ03 User group

Step I - Create Functional Area
In the functional area section, the user indicates from which part of the SAP database the data is going to be retrieved and how the data is to be retrieved by the query. One functional area can be assigned to many user groups. A functional area can be created with or without a logical database. To create a functional area with a logical database, one has to mention the name of the database and then select the fields from the tables that form the logical database.

ABAP Query Authorizations: To use an ABAP query, the user must have appropriate authorizations. Two ways of providing authorizations to the users are as follows:

- User groups
The user should be a part of at least one user group to run the corresponding ABAP query. This automatically restricts the access of the user to specific functional areas, and thus the corresponding underlying logical databases.

- Authorizations
The authorization object S_QUERY should be used to give proper authorizations to the user for a query. This authorization object has a field named ACTVT which can take values 02 for Change, 23 for Maintain and 67 for Translate.

This value determines whether the user can create and modify the query. The possible authorizations in the object are as follows:

S_QUERY_ALL Change, maintain and translate query
S_QUERY_UPD Change and Translate

Though the general concept of an ABAP query is moderately difficult, the results and the long term use of the ABAP query is worth the effort.

Tips by : Usha Kiran

Links
Writing
ABAP Queries


Report Painter / Report Writer
С помощью Report Painter можно создавать отчеты на основе данных из самых разных приложений (см. предпоследний слайд). Инструменты оформления формуляра позволяют увидеть отчет в той форме, в которой он будет показан при выводе данных. Report Writer отображает структуры строк и столбцов с помощью наборов. Таким образом, он поддерживает более сложные отчеты.

Предлагаемый SAP инструмент СПАО представляет собой онлайновую информационную систему с удобной для пользователя функциональностью, которая помогает осуществлять навигацию по данным. Этот инструмент можно также использовать для анализа данных по всем признакам из описания данных. Интерактивная система СПАО позволяет описать отчет с помощью любых показателей.

В Информационной системе логистики ИСЛ данные можно анализировать с помощью стандартных и гибких аналитических отчетов. Стандартные аналитические отчеты основаны на файлах статистики или информационных структурах в ИСЛ, в которые обновляются важные показатели ннепосредственно из соответствующего приложения. Гибкие аналитические отчеты используются для анализа структур данных SAP и образуют основу для оперативных отчетов.

Transaction:
GRR1 RW: Create Row/Column Structure
GRR2 RW: Change formula
GRR3 RW: Display formula
GR21 Create Library
GR22 Change Library
GR23 Display library
FGRP Report Painter
FGRW Report Writer Menu
GCS1 - Text Field for MasterData Validation (формулы преобразования текстовых полей (FG XGMD)

Create Transport
GR22 - Utility - Transport - Transport Request | Export | Import


SAP LIST

Q. Listing -> внутр. таблица
A.
DKiyanov wrote:
объявите в программе INCLUDE <%_list>.
после этого вам будут доступны объявленные в нём таблицы в частности %_LIST, собственно в ней и хранится листинг отчёта
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